The effect of public sector reforms on market efficiency in Nigeria: Evidence from telecommunications deregulation in Lagos State (2000–2020).
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Background of the study:
Public sector reforms have been at the forefront of Nigeria’s economic transformation, with telecommunications deregulation in Lagos State serving as a prominent example. Over the period under review, deregulation policies were implemented to dismantle monopolistic structures and encourage private sector participation. These reforms aimed to enhance market efficiency by fostering competition, reducing consumer costs, and spurring technological innovations. As regulatory barriers were lifted, new entrants emerged, leading to improved service quality and expanded network coverage. However, the process also exposed gaps in regulatory oversight and infrastructural challenges that have sometimes hindered sustained progress. Recent studies indicate that while deregulation contributes to a more dynamic market environment, issues such as market concentration and inadequate enforcement mechanisms persist (Oluwaseun, 2023). Furthermore, the interplay between governmental reforms and rapid technological advancements has led to significant shifts in market performance, yet also highlighted the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks to keep pace with innovation (Adeniyi, 2024; Ibrahim, 2025). This evolving context necessitates a critical analysis of how such reforms influence overall market efficiency, consumer welfare, and the competitive landscape of the telecommunications sector.
Statement of the problem:
Despite the positive outcomes associated with telecommunications deregulation, Lagos State continues to experience challenges in fully realizing market efficiency. Persistent issues—such as uneven regulatory enforcement, infrastructural bottlenecks, and market dominance by a few large players—compromise the competitive gains expected from deregulation (Oluwaseun, 2023; Adeniyi, 2024). These challenges create a disconnect between policy objectives and real-world outcomes, limiting consumer benefits and overall sectoral performance. There is a clear need to examine the factors that impede full market efficiency and to explore policy adjustments that can mitigate these adverse effects.
Objectives of the study:
- To assess the impact of telecommunications deregulation on market efficiency in Lagos State.
- To identify regulatory and infrastructural challenges affecting reform outcomes.
- To recommend policy modifications that can enhance competitive market performance.
Research questions:
- How has telecommunications deregulation influenced market efficiency in Lagos State?
- What are the primary challenges hindering the full realization of reform benefits?
- What policy measures can further optimize market performance?
Research Hypotheses:
- Telecommunications deregulation has significantly improved market efficiency.
- Infrastructural and regulatory challenges negatively impact reform outcomes.
- Policy adjustments can further enhance market competitiveness.
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it provides a detailed analysis of public sector reforms through telecommunications deregulation and their effect on market efficiency. The insights gained will aid policymakers and industry stakeholders in understanding both the benefits and challenges of deregulation. By offering evidence-based recommendations, the research seeks to inform future reforms aimed at bolstering competition, reducing consumer costs, and ensuring sustainable economic growth (Ibrahim, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to evaluating telecommunications deregulation and its effects on market efficiency in Lagos State, focusing on policy implementation, regulatory oversight, and infrastructural challenges.
Definitions of terms:
- Public Sector Reforms: Changes in government policies aimed at improving operational efficiency and service delivery.
- Market Efficiency: The extent to which a market accurately reflects information and allocates resources optimally.
- Telecommunications Deregulation: The process of removing government-imposed restrictions to promote competition in the telecommunications industry.
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